The first ladies of the U.S. have made major political strides that are recognized worldwide. From Michelle Obama ’s launch of the Let Girls Learn initiative to Hillary Clinton ’s work at the forefront of the Children’s Health Insurance Program, these women have created a legacy of brilliance and change. When they weren’t busy advocating for equal rights or environmental issues, many of the first ladies also made monumental contributions to the design of the White House . Built in 1792, this emblem of American government has had a tumultuous history, but after many reconstructions and expansions, it remains one of the most widely recognized works of architecture in the world. From well-known improvements like Jackie Kennedy ’s extensive restoration project to lesser-known feats like Grace Coolidge’s beloved Sky Parlor, these remarkable women have made their mark on the residence in a multitude of ways. Take a look at the dramatic room renovations, iconic landscaping , and historic design elements the White House has seen over the years.

Michelle Obama gardening alongside children as part of her Let's Move! initiative.

Michelle Obama (2008–present)

Michelle Obama’s first major design project at the White House was refurbishing the Old Family Dining Room. Typically off-limits to the public, the historic gathering space was opened for visitors to view and admire the updated decor. Along with refreshing interior choices like gray wall paint and gilded bronze sconces, she added several pieces of vibrant modern art. The most prominent painting is a 1966 work by Alma Thomas, the first African-American woman to have art in the White House’s permanent collection. In addition, as part of her Let’s Move! initiative, Obama included an expansive vegetable garden to the White House property in 2009. The fresh produce is used to feed the first family and their guests.

Hillary Clinton (1993–2001)

With an affinity for classic American art, Hillary Clinton put a distinct collection of paintings, pottery, and glassworks on display in the White House to celebrate the country’s top artists. Her selections included the 1930 Georgia O’Keeffe oil painting Mountain at Bear Lake, Taos and Henry Ossawa Tanner’s 1886 painting Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City. During the 1990s, Clinton refurbished a number of rooms, including the Oval Office, State Dining Room, and Lincoln Bedroom, with the help of Arkansas-based decorator Kaki Hockersmith.

Jacqueline Kennedy working on the restoration of the White House.